contributed to experimental design and co-drafted the manuscript. Colorful moth wings date back to the dinosaur era, How math helps explain the delicate patterns of dragonfly wings, The blue wings of this dragonfly may be surprisingly alive, A glowing zebrafish wins the 2020 Nikon Small World photography contest, Pufferfish may be carving mysterious ‘crop circles’ near Australia, Gene-editing tool CRISPR wins the chemistry Nobel, This rare bird is male on one side and female on the other, Your dog’s brain doesn’t care about your face. wing’s scales, the temperature went up “but butterflies can’t feel it and they (N = 14, solid lines: mean). Funding was provided by the Canadian government to J.E.Y. Comparison of tympanal vibration characteristics between sexes was done using two-sample t-tests with unequal variances. The mean maximum displacement and the mean displacement of the membrane at resonance frequency were both significantly lower in the ablated condition (figure 2 and table 1), although the mean resonance frequency of the membrane in the ablated condition remained unchanged (table 1). Each scale comprises of a flat plate arising
bSignificant difference between intact and ablated conditions, determined using paired Student's t-test for unequal variances (p < 0.01 taken as significant).
Butterfly wings are equipped with living structures such as veins and scent patches that release more heat than surrounding areas, helping to cool the wings down when the insect basks in the sun. The enlarged vein contains an internal network of tissue that forms a honeycomb-like configuration (figure 1c–e). It When the fragile wings fray or are torn, they do not repair themselves. Video animations of the membrane vibration were created using PSV software (see electronic supplementary material).
Published online January 28, 2020. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14408-8. Structure, development, and evolution of insect auditory systems, Mechanical specializations of insect ears, Uber die chordotonalorgane in der wurzel der schmetterlingsflugel, Contribution à l’étude des organs sensoriels des Lépidoptères, The butterflies: Hedyloidea, Hesperoidea, and Papillionoidea, The higher classification, phylogeny and zoogeography of the Satyridae (Lepidoptera), Acoustic behaviour of some butterfly species of the genus, Auditory mechanics and sensitivity in the tropical butterfly, Hearing in the crepuscular owl butterfly (, What does a butterfly hear? While our results clearly support the hypothesis that inflated veins function to enhance hearing by increasing sensitivity to low frequency sounds, a number of details remain to be resolved. (d) Internal structure of Sc vein viewed through the cuticle. New thermal images of butterflies So Yu and But wings are also equipped with living tissues crucial for survival and
considerably in shape, some being rectangular, while others are shaped
Red: outward deflection, green: inward deflection. People might think that scale-covered butterfly wings are “like a fingernail, or a feather of a Each is shown at 4 phases of the oscillation. Newer models include a slide and lock safety device slid over the needle after use, which helps prevent accidental needlestick injury and reuse of used needles, which can transmit infectious disease such as HIV and viral hepatitis. Following the initial scan, the inflated subcostal vein ipsilateral to the ear was ablated by making a longitudinal cut to open the ventral surface (electronic supplementary material, figure S1) and the vibration pattern of the tympanum was remeasured. faster than the thorax and can rapidly overheat. prompting a butterfly to move away from intense light if it gets too warm. Note the difference in scale between the two conditions. Vibrations of the tympanic membrane were measured in response to acoustic stimuli: 160 ms periodic chirps from 0.75 to 20 kHz with a frequency resolution of 6.25 Hz (see electronic supplementary material). Here, we show that wing vein inflations function in hearing. All rights reserved.
Our results show that inflated veins provide butterflies with a unique mechanism of auditory frequency tuning, with unusually ‘flat’ frequency responses that may have implications for novel acoustic technology. Questions or comments on this article? Delicate butterfly wings are We then test the hypothesis that swollen wing veins function in hearing—specifically in the tuning and sensitivity of the eardrum's response to sound. Tympanal membrane and forewing vein morphology were examined in 15 males and 15 females. The butterfly hangs upside-down and pumps blood into the wings to inflate them.
Physical and behavioral adaptations to prevent overheating of the living wings of butterflies. long, although many are hair-like, and are very much longer. (c) Forewing showing enlarged subcostal (Sc) vein, as well as cubital (Cu) and anal (An) veins. conducted laser vibrometry trials, data analysis and co-drafted the manuscript. Physiological characterization of auditory afferents in. (b) Tympanal displacement per unit SPL in response to 5.7 kHz (male #8, resonant frequency) when inflated vein is intact (top) or ablated (bottom). Each is shown at 4 phases of the oscillation. A winged infusion set—also known as "butterfly" or "scalp vein" set—is a device specialized for venipuncture: i.e. Scent scales are also called androconia. In most moths, bristles on the front edge of the hind wings (called the frenulum) connect with hooks on the hind edge of the forewing. All authors contributed to the writing, agreed to be held accountable for the content and approved the final version of the manuscript. Scale bar: 500 µm. from a single cell on the wing surface. Scent scales are modified wing scales on the forewing of male butterflies and moths (on the costal fold) that release pheromones. "What do butterflies do when it rains?" Sep. 29, 1995. Large datasets are available through Biology Letters' partnership with Dryad, In that vein: inflated wing veins contribute to butterfly hearing. Using a Satyrini, the common wood nymph (Cercyonis pegala), we first describe the morphology of the eardrum and characterize its vibration properties. Photographs or text on this website must not be reproduced in part or in
So the older the butterfly, the more transparent the wings will look. We show that they function in hearing.
Butterfly wings are equipped with living structures such as veins and scent patches that release more heat than surrounding areas, helping to cool the wings down when the insect basks in the sun. The enlarged vein contains an internal network of tissue that forms a honeycomb-like configuration (figure 1c–e). It When the fragile wings fray or are torn, they do not repair themselves. Video animations of the membrane vibration were created using PSV software (see electronic supplementary material).
Published online January 28, 2020. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14408-8. Structure, development, and evolution of insect auditory systems, Mechanical specializations of insect ears, Uber die chordotonalorgane in der wurzel der schmetterlingsflugel, Contribution à l’étude des organs sensoriels des Lépidoptères, The butterflies: Hedyloidea, Hesperoidea, and Papillionoidea, The higher classification, phylogeny and zoogeography of the Satyridae (Lepidoptera), Acoustic behaviour of some butterfly species of the genus, Auditory mechanics and sensitivity in the tropical butterfly, Hearing in the crepuscular owl butterfly (, What does a butterfly hear? While our results clearly support the hypothesis that inflated veins function to enhance hearing by increasing sensitivity to low frequency sounds, a number of details remain to be resolved. (d) Internal structure of Sc vein viewed through the cuticle. New thermal images of butterflies So Yu and But wings are also equipped with living tissues crucial for survival and
considerably in shape, some being rectangular, while others are shaped
Red: outward deflection, green: inward deflection. People might think that scale-covered butterfly wings are “like a fingernail, or a feather of a Each is shown at 4 phases of the oscillation. Newer models include a slide and lock safety device slid over the needle after use, which helps prevent accidental needlestick injury and reuse of used needles, which can transmit infectious disease such as HIV and viral hepatitis. Following the initial scan, the inflated subcostal vein ipsilateral to the ear was ablated by making a longitudinal cut to open the ventral surface (electronic supplementary material, figure S1) and the vibration pattern of the tympanum was remeasured. faster than the thorax and can rapidly overheat. prompting a butterfly to move away from intense light if it gets too warm. Note the difference in scale between the two conditions. Vibrations of the tympanic membrane were measured in response to acoustic stimuli: 160 ms periodic chirps from 0.75 to 20 kHz with a frequency resolution of 6.25 Hz (see electronic supplementary material). Here, we show that wing vein inflations function in hearing. All rights reserved.
Our results show that inflated veins provide butterflies with a unique mechanism of auditory frequency tuning, with unusually ‘flat’ frequency responses that may have implications for novel acoustic technology. Questions or comments on this article? Delicate butterfly wings are We then test the hypothesis that swollen wing veins function in hearing—specifically in the tuning and sensitivity of the eardrum's response to sound. Tympanal membrane and forewing vein morphology were examined in 15 males and 15 females. The butterfly hangs upside-down and pumps blood into the wings to inflate them.
Physical and behavioral adaptations to prevent overheating of the living wings of butterflies. long, although many are hair-like, and are very much longer. (c) Forewing showing enlarged subcostal (Sc) vein, as well as cubital (Cu) and anal (An) veins. conducted laser vibrometry trials, data analysis and co-drafted the manuscript. Physiological characterization of auditory afferents in. (b) Tympanal displacement per unit SPL in response to 5.7 kHz (male #8, resonant frequency) when inflated vein is intact (top) or ablated (bottom). Each is shown at 4 phases of the oscillation. A winged infusion set—also known as "butterfly" or "scalp vein" set—is a device specialized for venipuncture: i.e. Scent scales are also called androconia. In most moths, bristles on the front edge of the hind wings (called the frenulum) connect with hooks on the hind edge of the forewing. All authors contributed to the writing, agreed to be held accountable for the content and approved the final version of the manuscript. Scale bar: 500 µm. from a single cell on the wing surface. Scent scales are modified wing scales on the forewing of male butterflies and moths (on the costal fold) that release pheromones. "What do butterflies do when it rains?" Sep. 29, 1995. Large datasets are available through Biology Letters' partnership with Dryad, In that vein: inflated wing veins contribute to butterfly hearing. Using a Satyrini, the common wood nymph (Cercyonis pegala), we first describe the morphology of the eardrum and characterize its vibration properties. Photographs or text on this website must not be reproduced in part or in
So the older the butterfly, the more transparent the wings will look. We show that they function in hearing.
Butterfly wings are equipped with living structures such as veins and scent patches that release more heat than surrounding areas, helping to cool the wings down when the insect basks in the sun. The enlarged vein contains an internal network of tissue that forms a honeycomb-like configuration (figure 1c–e). It When the fragile wings fray or are torn, they do not repair themselves. Video animations of the membrane vibration were created using PSV software (see electronic supplementary material).
Published online January 28, 2020. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14408-8. Structure, development, and evolution of insect auditory systems, Mechanical specializations of insect ears, Uber die chordotonalorgane in der wurzel der schmetterlingsflugel, Contribution à l’étude des organs sensoriels des Lépidoptères, The butterflies: Hedyloidea, Hesperoidea, and Papillionoidea, The higher classification, phylogeny and zoogeography of the Satyridae (Lepidoptera), Acoustic behaviour of some butterfly species of the genus, Auditory mechanics and sensitivity in the tropical butterfly, Hearing in the crepuscular owl butterfly (, What does a butterfly hear? While our results clearly support the hypothesis that inflated veins function to enhance hearing by increasing sensitivity to low frequency sounds, a number of details remain to be resolved. (d) Internal structure of Sc vein viewed through the cuticle. New thermal images of butterflies So Yu and But wings are also equipped with living tissues crucial for survival and
considerably in shape, some being rectangular, while others are shaped
Red: outward deflection, green: inward deflection. People might think that scale-covered butterfly wings are “like a fingernail, or a feather of a Each is shown at 4 phases of the oscillation. Newer models include a slide and lock safety device slid over the needle after use, which helps prevent accidental needlestick injury and reuse of used needles, which can transmit infectious disease such as HIV and viral hepatitis. Following the initial scan, the inflated subcostal vein ipsilateral to the ear was ablated by making a longitudinal cut to open the ventral surface (electronic supplementary material, figure S1) and the vibration pattern of the tympanum was remeasured. faster than the thorax and can rapidly overheat. prompting a butterfly to move away from intense light if it gets too warm. Note the difference in scale between the two conditions. Vibrations of the tympanic membrane were measured in response to acoustic stimuli: 160 ms periodic chirps from 0.75 to 20 kHz with a frequency resolution of 6.25 Hz (see electronic supplementary material). Here, we show that wing vein inflations function in hearing. All rights reserved.
Our results show that inflated veins provide butterflies with a unique mechanism of auditory frequency tuning, with unusually ‘flat’ frequency responses that may have implications for novel acoustic technology. Questions or comments on this article? Delicate butterfly wings are We then test the hypothesis that swollen wing veins function in hearing—specifically in the tuning and sensitivity of the eardrum's response to sound. Tympanal membrane and forewing vein morphology were examined in 15 males and 15 females. The butterfly hangs upside-down and pumps blood into the wings to inflate them.
Physical and behavioral adaptations to prevent overheating of the living wings of butterflies. long, although many are hair-like, and are very much longer. (c) Forewing showing enlarged subcostal (Sc) vein, as well as cubital (Cu) and anal (An) veins. conducted laser vibrometry trials, data analysis and co-drafted the manuscript. Physiological characterization of auditory afferents in. (b) Tympanal displacement per unit SPL in response to 5.7 kHz (male #8, resonant frequency) when inflated vein is intact (top) or ablated (bottom). Each is shown at 4 phases of the oscillation. A winged infusion set—also known as "butterfly" or "scalp vein" set—is a device specialized for venipuncture: i.e. Scent scales are also called androconia. In most moths, bristles on the front edge of the hind wings (called the frenulum) connect with hooks on the hind edge of the forewing. All authors contributed to the writing, agreed to be held accountable for the content and approved the final version of the manuscript. Scale bar: 500 µm. from a single cell on the wing surface. Scent scales are modified wing scales on the forewing of male butterflies and moths (on the costal fold) that release pheromones. "What do butterflies do when it rains?" Sep. 29, 1995. Large datasets are available through Biology Letters' partnership with Dryad, In that vein: inflated wing veins contribute to butterfly hearing. Using a Satyrini, the common wood nymph (Cercyonis pegala), we first describe the morphology of the eardrum and characterize its vibration properties. Photographs or text on this website must not be reproduced in part or in
So the older the butterfly, the more transparent the wings will look. We show that they function in hearing.
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